Monthly Total Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) data set fills gap in hydrological observation records

February 5, 2026 /

A research led at the Institute of Geodesy for a global dataset of monthly Total Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) was published in Nature Scientific Data. This dataset fills an important gap in long-term hydrological records.

A new article titled “A Machine Learning approach for Total Water storage anomaly eXtension back to 1980 (ML-TWiX)” has been published in the journal Nature Scientific Data

The study introduces ML-TWiX, a global dataset of monthly total water storage anomalies (TWSA) reconstructed from 1980 to 2012. The dataset fills an important gap in long-term hydrological records by extending the observational period of TWSA beyond the era of GRACE and GRACE-FO satellite missions, whose combined records span just over two decades.

This continuous reconstruction of TWSA supports a wide range of applications in hydrology, climate science, and water resources assessment, helping researchers study long-term variability and change in terrestrial water storage.

The research was led by GIS (Institute of Geodesy, University of Stuttgart) and includes contributions from an international team of scientists across institutions such as the European Space Agency, ETH Zurich, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and University of California, Irvine.

The full dataset is publicly available via the University of Stuttgart’s DaRUS repository (https://doi.org/10.18419/DARUS-5233), and the article can be accessed via its DOI: 10.1038/s41597-026-06604-w.

Validation of the ML-TWiX TWSA against GRACE TWSA using three performance metrics: NSE, NRMSE, and correlation (calculated on residuals, i.e., detrended and deseasonalized). Panels (a)–(c) show grid-scale results for NSE, NRMSE, and correlation, respectively. Panels (d)–(f) show the same metrics at the basin scale for 79 large basins (>200,000 km2). Panels (g)–(i) present empirical CDFs of ML-TWiX and other reconstructed datasets for NSE, NRMSE, and correlation at the grid scale; panels (j)–(l) show the corresponding results at the basin scale.

article at nature

To the top of the page